Species Divergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Species Divergence - Essay Example physiology, the method of communication with its condition, nourishment system, and so on. While evolutionist thoughts might be observed in a few pre-present day scholars’ ruminations, it was distinctly with the coming of the eighteenth century Enlightenment that cutting edge transformative hypotheses shaped, with that of Charles Darwin before long assuming the pre-prominent position among them. The arrangement of as of now standard variant of developmental science was enormously helped by the particular advances in the fields of hereditary qualities and sub-atomic science, which characterized the natural reason for transformative procedures. From a natural association perspective, advancement continues on an animal categories level, as people involving an animal groups don't themselves advance through the span of their life expectancy. Notwithstanding, the consequences of their cooperation with the earth empower the amassing of new heritable reactions inside their genotype st ructures, offering ascend to a procedure of regular determination. The last mentioned, in its turn, conditions the adjustments in the species’ phenotype (for example the complex of natural highlights). Common determination might be appropriately characterized as a continuous procedure of hereditary variety whereby the people with most positive quality mixes are all the more as often as possible ready to transplant their qualities to resulting ages of an animal categories, so their relatives will characterize the substance of their species. While characteristic choice procedure is individual, being transmitted over an animal varieties just in a roundabout way, it is genotype of an animal groups all in all that it impacts on, with the goal that heritable changes in those individuals’ genotypes that are supported by normal choice are spread to the ensuing ages of an animal categories all in all. The systems of regular determination are fluctuated; in any case, some of the m might be doled out progressively conspicuous jobs in its execution. Of those, natural choice, with an accentuation on fitting with one’s organic condition, and sexual determination, with an individual’s fertility and capacity to discover forthcoming sexual accomplices as a key factor, might be viewed as the essential ones. Thus, these systems might be sub-partitioned into increasingly explicit strategies for choice, with, e.g., environmental choice incorporating the components of intraspecies rivalry, family choice, and so on., and sexual choice including those of intrasexual choice, intersexual determination (sexual dimorphism), and so forth b. Proof for organic advancement is complex and includes the quantity of information from various logical controls. Inside the setting of this article, five kinds of this proof will be analyzed. Plate tectonics. The disclosure of the developments of plates in the twentieth century let go the thought of unchangeable nature of Ear th’s tectonics, adding to a thought of nature’s inclination for change. On a progressively explicit level, Charles Lyell’s concentrates on the effect of climatological and geographical changes on the dispersion of species, with explicit accentuation on wiped out vegetation, drove the analysts to presume that developments of enormous land masses lead to transformation of atmospheres, which implied that creature and plant species must be dynamic substances, the spatial circulation whereof changes as per the progressions of geography achieved by topographical operators. Subsequently, the adjustments in vegetations and faunas were conclusively associated with the relating movements of land masses, adding to the improvement of a thought of natural determination. Biogeography. The examination in the association between plate tectonics and changes in life on Earth that was alluded to above has been legitimately associated with the exploration in the field of biogeograp hy. Such researchers as Edward Forbes, Wallace and Willer Matthew led a broad examination in the

Culture of peace among students Essay

It was in 1989, during the International Congress on Peace in the Minds of Men, in Yamoussoukro, Cã'te d’Ivoire, that the thought of a â€Å"Culture of Peace† was first referenced. In the course of recent years, the thought has made considerable progress. In 1994, Federico Mayor, Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), propelled a global intrigue on the foundation of a privilege to harmony; in February 1994, UNESCO propelled its Towards a Culture of Peace program; in 1997, the United Nations General Assembly announced the year 2000 as the â€Å"International Year for the Culture of Peace†; and in 1998, a similar Assembly proclaimed the period 2001-2010 the â€Å"International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World†. This is the manner by which the thought of a Culture of Peace vanquished the world. What Does â€Å"Culture of Peace† Mean? In spite of the fact that the articulation â€Å"Culture of Peace† came to fruition in 1989, such a culture previously existed before the word was made. UNESCO’s creation is a tribute to the presence of such a culture as ahead of schedule as 1945. Despite the fact that UNESCO has a few commands, it has however one crucial, that of developing harmony. The reason for the Organization is to add to harmony and security by advancing joint effort among the countries through training, science and culture so as to facilitate general regard for equity, for the standard of law and for the human rights and major opportunities which are insisted for the people groups of the world† (Article I of the Constitutive Act of UNESCO). The way of life of harmony is harmony in real life. Presenting such a culture is a drawn out procedure requiring both a change of institutional practices and individual methods of conduct. At long last, so as to endure and get settled in our qualities, a culture of harmony requires peacefulness, resilience and solidarity. The possibility of agreement, or harmony, is now and then confused with a nonappearance of contention or for society’s homogenization process. In any case, so as to accomplish common comprehension, there must initially be contrasts as to sex, race, language, religion, or culture. The journey for shared understanding starts with the acknowledgment of these distinctions and of a will to conquer them to arrive at a typical goal. Accomplishing common comprehension shields a general public from implosion by letting it manufacture establishments to structure another approach to live respectively. Without a doubt, common understanding cultivates certain qualities essential for harmony, including peacefulness, regard of others, resistance, solidarity and receptiveness to other people. Common comprehension doesn't mean homogenization of society. Actually, a culture of harmony is improved by the assortment of customs. The way that a typical vision rises up out of a multi-social society demonstrates that living respectively is conceivable and that this general public lives as per the beat of a culture of harmony. A culture of harmony is along these lines an extensive association of existing developments, henceforth UNESCO’s want to make an overall development for a culture of harmony and peacefulness. The International Year for the Culture of Peace will be one of the key minutes for the formation of such a development. This worldwide development should help change the way of life of war into a culture of harmony by joining all gatherings, organizations, affiliations, governments and, particularly, people inside an exhaustive system that progresses in the direction of the rise of a culture of harmony. Body Harmony in our networks and on the planet requires an association with deference for our various contrasts, and for the privilege surprisingly to equity, opportunity, and pride. This prompts trust, network, and concurrence. We comprehend we are all in this together, that all individuals have a similar essential needs and wants, thus we represent the benefit of everyone as opposed to help a couple. Harmony is more than the nonappearance of war, viciousness, or strife, yet we interface with the intensity of adoration that rises above dread, outrage, distress, and hostility, and leads us to empathy and a longing to end the enduring of all. Instruction is the guideline methods for advancing a culture of harmony. This remembers formal instruction for schools, yet in addition casual and non-formal training in the full scope of social establishments, including the family and the media. The very idea of intensity should be changed †from the rationale of power and dread to the power of reason and love. Training ought to be extended with the goal that essential proficiency is joined by the ‘second literacy’ of ‘learning to live together’. A worldwide exertion of instruction and preparing, upheld by the United Nations, ought to enable individuals at all levels with the harmony making abilities of discourse, intervention, struggle change, accord building, collaboration and peaceful social change. This crusade ought to be founded on widespread standards of human rights, popularity based standards and social equity, and simultaneously, expand upon the novel harmony making customs and encounters of every general public. Substance of hypothesis based harmony training Could include: the job of qualities frameworks in strict and mainstream world perspectives, the history and present day battles for equity and fairness in race and sex, the morals of science and innovation, comprehension of the reasons for savagery and war and other nearby, national and worldwide questions, the hypothesis of compromise, dreams of things to come, political and social change, the financial matters of war and persecution, human rights and citizenship, viciousness, war and peacemaking in the media, peacefulness in writing and expressions of the human experience. Substance of functional articulations of harmony making for use in harmony instruction Models of harmony making, harmony history †nearby, national and global, the job of the United Nations and Non-administrative Organizations, how local gatherings influence serene change, occupations for social change, the job of individual and network wellbeing and sustenance in a sound society, understanding different societies through language, custom and stories, child rearing and kid care, tormenting and against harassing strategies, peer intercession and compromise abilities for youngsters in the homeroom. A valuable depiction for positive harmony has been embraced by the U.N. General Assembly. Perceiving the drawn out nature of the work, the U.N. General Assembly (Resolution 52/15) proclaimed the year 2000 as the International Year for the Culture of Peace. Extensively, societies of harmony incorporate seven center components that change in structure across societies, yet are universals of positive harmony. These components might be imagined as spokes of a wheel, a shortcoming in any of which may deliver fundamental shortcoming or breakdown. The components are: †¢Social equity: regulated value in conveyance and access to material, social, and political assets; truth-telling, reparations, and punishments for infractions; full cooperation and force sharing by various gatherings; sexual orientation equity and full support by ladies; †¢Human rights: rule of law and adherence to human rights measures; †¢Nonviolence: regulated game plans for peaceful compromise and compromise; qualities and mentalities of politeness; standards and procedures that advance human security, collaboration, reliance, and agreeable connections at all levels;4 †¢Inclusiveness: regard for distinction; support by various gatherings; addressing character needs; social affectability; †¢Civil society: quality and assorted variety of city bunches in areas, for example, wellbeing, business, religion, and training; network activity, backing, and expectation through these settings; full resident interest in government; †¢Peace instruction: formal and casual, experiential training for harmony at all levels; socialization of qualities, perspectives, and practices helpful for harmony and social equity. †¢Sustainability: protection of worldwide assets; addressing the requirements of the present age without trading off the capacity to address the issues of people in the future. Clinicians may add to the development of societies of harmony through work at numerous levels. Specialists who help to lessen family savagery and to manufacture impartial, peaceful connections in families add to societies of harmony. Instructors who show aptitudes of peaceful compromise or work for social equity at the network level likewise add to the development of societies of harmony. Closing bits of knowledge Harmony is significant in our lives; it is essential necessity for our reality. In today’s world harmony is likewise significant supposing that we check out us, we see various countries who are at war with one another. We need a superior world for our next ages. We can appreciate the advantages of the most recent innovative and logical headways just in the midst of harmony. I understood that Peace is a perfect. It is both impalpable and cement rely on the person’s circumstance; mind boggling and basic by the manner in which an individual glances at it ; energizing and quieting by how an individual feels about it. Harmony is close to home and political depend who that individual is; it is otherworldly and functional how an individual gets it; neighborhood and worldwide how profound an individual remembered it. It is genuinely a procedure and a result, and, most importantly, a method of being.

10 Questions To Ask Before Signing a Lease

10 Questions To Ask Before Signing a Lease 10 Questions To Ask Before Signing a Lease 10 Questions To Ask Before Signing a LeaseThe more questions you asking before signing the lease for a house or apartment, the fewer nasty surprises youll have later.So you’ve decided to rent a home! You found a place you like in a neighborhood you love that’s filled with hip bars, restaurants, and convenient public transportation.All that’s left to do now is place down whatever upfront costs are required and sign that lease. You’re currently taking out your shiny Jimmy Buffet novelty pen and pushing down the cheeseburger-shaped plunger. Now you’re bringing pen to paper. Now you’re about to sign your name in beautiful calligraphy that would make your third-grade teacher proud BUT WAIT! Not so fast!Ask these questions before you finish signing! Your future landlord can wait another five minutes.1. What does your rent actually get you?You already know what you’ll be paying in rent. And if you don’t, then you may need to read an article about the actual process of findin g an apartment rather than jumping ahead to the lease. But even if you know what you’ll be paying in rent, you should find out exactly what you’ll be getting for your money.“What is included in the rent?” asked Holly McQueen, VP/Regional Property Manager at GMH Capital Partners. “Amenity packages, utilities, trash, parking, pet rent and deposit, and other add-ons are not always included in the advertised price and can add up quickly.What you see is not always what you get unless you pay up. Landlords should also be able to provide estimated utility costs based on previous tenant records.”2. When was the building built?While an older building may have a certain charm, it can also come with some unwelcome surprises.“It’s important to note what year the home or apartment building was constructed before signing a lease,” urged home safety expert Colin Ruggiero (@CancerAlliance). “Often times, structures built prior to the 1980s were built with hazardous materials, su ch as lead paint and asbestos insulation.Landlords are required to disclose information regarding potentially dangerous substances that are on the property; however, they are not required to abate these materials.As the future tenant, it is up to your discretion as to if you want to rent the property, but you should keep in mind the health risks involved. Exposure to carcinogens like asbestos could lead to respiratory illnesses later in life.”3. Are pets allowed?Some apartments allow pets. Some apartments do not allow pets. You really want to be certain which kind of apartment the place you’re moving into isâ€"especially if you already have a pet.“Are pets allowed?” inquired Daniela Andreevska, marketing director at Mashvisor (@Mashvisor). “This question is important regardless of whether you own a pet or not. Why you need to make sure that pets are allowed is obvious in case you own one.However, if you have any allergies or other health conditions, it is good to know if t he apartment has been previously inhabited by a pet.”4. Can you take pictures?It would be nice to be able to ask your landlord if they’re a bad landlord before you sign the lease. But even if you could, they wouldn’t be likely to answer honestly. Which is unfortunate, because you don’t want to risk losing part of your security deposit because of damage that was already there when you moved in.Thats why you should ask to take pictures of the current state of the apartment.“When you move into a property, you should take extensive photos of the condition of the property prior to moving anything into the unit,” advised Shawn Breyer, owner of Breyer Home Buyers.Make sure that you send an email containing the photos to your landlord to document the condition. This will provide you with evidence and date and timestamp on the photos.Ask what records they have of the turnover from the previous tenants move out that they have kept. Also, ask if you can send them an email file with the pictures that you take of the property.When you move out, your landlord will try to recoup all of the money that they can for repairs, even if the property was damaged prior to you moving in. These charges could deplete your entire security deposit.Your landlord could even place a lien against you for compensation of the damages. You could potentially find yourself in court proving that the damages were not your fault.Your landlord could have done renovations on the property three years earlier and taken extensive photos. If these are the only photos of the property, its hard to prove that the tenant between you and the renovations caused the damage.If you have a timestamp proving that the damages were in the property prior to you moving in and that you made the landlord aware of the damages, then you will never have to worry about losing these disputes.5. Will there be construction nearby?You don’t want to be woken up by jackhammer noises at 7:00 AM every morning. Or, at the very least, you want to know in advance that you’ll be woken up by jackhammer noises each morning.Noisy construction can last months or even years, warned McQueen. It is important to be aware of how the environment you’re signing up for now may change in the months to come.”6. How does renewal work?Right now you’re probably focused on the stresses of moving and figuring out how you’re going to get all of your stuff from the old place to this new place. But you should also give some thought to what’s going to happen at the end of this new lease.“What is the renewal process?” asked Andreevska. “Dont assume that the lease is automatically renewed at the end of the agreement term or that it is automatically canceled. Ask to be on the safe side.”If you know you’ll be in this home for multiple years, it’s worth asking if you can sign a multi-year lease. This could allow you to lock in the initial rent you’re agreeing to without having to worry about rent increas es each year. And you might even be able to get a discount!“If you’re planning to stay in the unit for longer than the typical year lease term, it doesn’t hurt to ask about an extended lease discount,” offered McQueen. “Most landlords would prefer to have a guaranteed tenant and will adjust the price to ensure less vacancy in the future.”7. Can you sublet?Subletting can be a great way to make up some of your rent money. As such, it’d be good to know if that’s an option.With the prevalence of Airbnb, VRBO, and other subletting platforms, it’s easy to sublet your apartment when you’re out of town or a spare room as an extra source of income,” advised McQueen.However, many landlords strictly enforce a no subletting policy and can use it as grounds to terminate a lease if violated. If your intention is to use the unit as a sublet (whether it be a room or the whole unit) you should know what the policies are before committing.8. When is rent due?Basic questions can still be important questions!Make sure you understand by what date precisely you need to pay the rent every month, urged Andreevska. Not knowing that is an easy way to get in trouble with the landlord right away.9. What happens if you have to break the lease?Some questions are better asked in more subtle ways. Maybe not even to the landlord directly so they don’t worry that you’re planning to break the lease. But it’s still important to know the answer to those questions, just in case.It’s important to know what penalty fees apply should you have to leave the apartment before the lease is up,” explained McQueen. Though you may not have the intention of terminating the lease early, life can throw curveballs in many formsâ€"a job relocation, growing family, etc.â€"and it’s always best to know what you’re facing should something come up.Knowing the termination fee, advance-notice window, and how ownership handles showing the apartment to prospective tenants while you’re still living there are all important.”10. How do repairs work?Things break. What happens next?If the pipe bursts in the middle of the night, you have to know whether to call the landlord or property manager or a handyman preselected by the landlord,” offered Andreevska.It would also be good to know what kind of timeline you should expect when it comes to repairs.Some buildings offer 24/7 service schedules, while others may take several days to respond to a service request,” warned McQueen. Delayed response to an issue in your unit can be stressful and disruptive to your everyday life.OK, got all your answers? Let’s sign that lease and pump up the Margaritaville to celebrate!If youre not careful, housing-related costs can become a big money suck. They could even be the reason you end up relying on short-term  bad credit loans  and  no credit check loans  (like  payday loans,  cash advances, and  title loans) to make ends meet every month. To learn more about housing-related financial issues, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Is It Time for You to Buy a Home?How to Decorate Your Home for CheapIs Rent-to-Own a Good Way to Purchase a Home?How You Can DIY Your Way to Cheaper Home MaintenanceDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsDaniela Andreevska is the Marketing Director at  Mashvisor (@Mashvisor), a real estate data analytics company which helps investors in the US housing market make better and faster investment decisions.Shawn Breyer started Breyer Home Buyers with a mission to empower people to enjoy life by simplifying and solving their property issues. He and his wife flip 35+ homes in the metro Atlanta area every year.Holly McQueen is the Vice President/Regional Property Manager of GMH Capital Partners. Mrs. McQueen is responsible for the company owned multi-family assets and retail component of student housing, mult i-family and 3rd party commercial assets. She joined the company in 2001, opening our Jacksonville, FL office. With over 25 years of experience, Mrs. McQueen has managed a number of our multi-family properties totaling over 1,100 units with another 400 under development. Mrs. McQueen received her Bachelor’s of Science in Real Estate from Florida Atlantic University.Colin Ruggiero (@CancerAlliance) is a safety expert with Mesothelioma.com. He works to spread awareness on the dangers of asbestos exposure, with an emphasis on building material safety and mitigating the risks associated with toxic materials.

Reginald Fessenden and the First Radio Broadcast

Reginald Fessenden was an electrician, chemist, and employee of Thomas Edison who is responsible for transmitting the first voice message over radio in 1900 and the first radio broadcast in 1906. Early Life and Work With Edison Fessenden was born October 6, 1866, in what is now Quebec, Canada. After he accepted a position serving as principal of a school in Bermuda, Fessenden developed an interest in science. He soon left teaching to pursue a science career in New York City, seeking employment with Thomas Edison. Fessenden initially had trouble attaining employment with Edison. In his first letter seeking employment, he admitted that he [Did] not know anything about electricity, but can learn pretty quick, leading Edison to initially reject him -- though he would eventually get hired as a tester for Edison Machine Works in 1886, and for Edison Laboratory in New Jersey in 1887 (the successor to Edisons famous Menlo Park lab). His work led him to encounter inventor Thomas Edison face to face. Although Fessenden had been trained as an electrician, Edison wanted to make him a chemist. Fessenden protested the suggestion to which Edison replied, I have had a lot of chemists . . . but none of them can get results. Fessenden turned out to be an excellent chemist, working with insulation for electrical wires. Fessenden was laid off from Edison Laboratory three years after he began working there,  after which he worked for Westinghouse Electric Company In Newark, N.J., and the Stanley Company in Massachusetts. Inventions and Radio Transmission Before he left Edison, though, Fessenden managed to patent several inventions of his own, including patents for telephony and telegraphy. Specifically, according to the National Capitol Commission of Canada, â€Å"he invented the modulation of radio waves, the ‘heterodyne principle,’ which allowed the reception and transmission on the same aerial without interference.â€Å" In the late 1800s, people communicated by radio through Morse code, with radio operators decoding the communication form into messages. Fessenden put an end to this laborious manner of radio communication in 1900, when he transmitted the first voice message in history. Six years afterward, Fessenden improved his technique when on Christmas Eve 1906, ships off the Atlantic coast used his equipment to broadcast the first trans-Atlantic voice and music transmission. By the 1920s, ships of all kinds relied upon Fessendens depth sounding technology.   Fessenden held more than 500 patents and won Scientific Americans Gold Medal in 1929 for the fathometer, an instrument that could measure the depth of water beneath a ships keel. And while Thomas Edison is known for inventing the first commercial light bulb, Fessenden improved upon that creation, asserts the National Capitol Commission of Canada.   He moved with his wife back to her native Bermuda after leaving the radio business due to differences with partners and lengthy lawsuits over his inventions. Fessenden died in Hamilton, Bermuda, in 1932.

No Exit By Jean Paul Sartre - 1510 Words

The play No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre, is about three people that die and go to hell. Joseph Garcin, a journalist executed by a firing squad for trying to desert during a war; Inez Serrano, a post-office clerk murdered by her lover which left a gas stove on while she slept; and Estelle Rigault, a woman who married an older rich man and died due to pneumonia. They all expected physical torture in hell. However, all they found was a plain room with some furniture that always had the light on, no windows, no beds, and nothing that would reflect or work as a mirror. The three of them were trapped inside the room. After discussing among themselves, they confessed their crimes and deduced that the torture was psychological. They also realized that they had been placed together so that each of them was to become the torturer of the other two. Each character began to ask things from the others to fulfill a need they all had, which only led them to more despair. Due to this, Garcin concluded that â€Å"hell is other people† (pag26). A. Petrusso argues in his article â€Å"No Exit† that the three main characters of the play have in common a display of cowardice. Certainly, all of them seem to be cowards at some moment and one character exhibits it more than the others. He also argues that certain actions and behaviors are merely the cowardice of the character when in fact, it rather seems more like fear. The examples and arguments used by Petrusso seem to simply catalog the main characters asShow MoreRelatedNo Exit by Jean Paul Sartre986 Words   |  4 PagesEynullayeva Words: 874 No Exit by Jean Paul Sartre Analyze the play’s title. Be sure to consider the original French: Huis Clos. Since its first publication in 1944 in French, the play Huis Clos by Jean-Paul Sartre has been translated into numerous languages around the world. The English translations have seen many different titles, including In Camera, No Way Out, and Dead End. The most common and accepted of all the title translation, however, is No Exit. The translation is derived fromRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesThe Play Text, Its Context and the Ideas presented in the play Why did I choose this play? I choose the play No Exit by Jean-Paul Sartre as the play to explore for my director s notebook. The reason I choose this text was because I wanted to find something out of the box and something that made the audience think. This play is also a shorter play, so I think that it would be able to be able to keep the audience’s attention to the message of the play. This play is an absurdist play, and the topicRead MoreNo Exit, By Jean Paul Sartre1859 Words   |  8 Pageswhich flourished soon after the end of World War II. It is focused around a belief that existence precedes essence, meaning that there is no meaning of life, other than the one each individual assigns during his own lifetime. 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In, â€Å"No Exit,† a play written by Jean-Paul Sartre, the act of self reflection and it’s consequences are shown through the egocentric characterizationRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1342 Words   |  6 Pages In No Exit, a play written by philosopher and existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, three characters are placed in a small room assumed to be hell with minimal furniture, space, and points of interest. The two women and one man are forced to face their own as well as the others’ sins and true natures, exposing each other in a raw truth. In man y of his works, Sartre attempts to get important messages across that coincide with his philosophies. A piece that is easy to use to compare with the play is theRead MoreNo Exit By Jean Paul Sartre1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe play No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre is about three people that die and go to hell. Joseph Garcin, a journalist executed by a firing squad for trying to desert during a war; Inez Serrano, a post-office clerk murdered by her lover which left a gas stove on while she slept; and Estelle Rigault, a woman who married an older rich man and died due to pneumonia. They all expected physical torture in hell. However, all they found was a plain room with some furniture that always had the light on, no windowsRead MoreNo Exit, A Play By Jean Paul Sartre1076 Words   |  5 PagesTheater 101 Response Paper Handout No Exit, a play by Jean-Paul Sartre My perception of a theatre was not the most entertaining. I thought that this particular play was going to be plain boring. I thought that I was not going to enjoy anything and the only thing thing that I was going to get out of it was my paper score. My expectations were low because it is hard for me to like a play or any movie. To me, all movies and plays do the same basic performance, same start, same rising, same climax andRead MoreEssay on Jean Paul Sartres Writing - No Exit528 Words   |  3 Pages Jean Paul Sartre’s Philosophical Writing nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jean Paul Sartre personally believed in the philosophical idea of existentialism, which is demonstrated in his play No Exit. His ideas of existentialism were profoundly outlined in the play. Based on the idea that mental torture is more agonizing than physical, No Exit leaves the reader with mixed emotions towards the importance of consequences for one’s acts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Set in Hell, the vision of the underworldRead MoreNo Exit is that the Setting of Hell by Jean-Paul Sartre672 Words   |  3 Pagesexample, one version of Hell as described in Jean-Paul Sartre’s play No Exit is that the setting of Hell is a mostly empty room in which three people are selected to stay for eternity (Sartre). Whether they were selected by chance or at random, nobody can tell for sure (Northern). The characters, Garcin, Inez, and Estelle try to figure out why they were all placed together, but will never know even though they have an eternity together to figure it out (Sartre). The thought that this setting could beRead MoreThe Backbone Of The Characters Of Jean Paul Sartre s No Exit1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe backbone of the characters in Jean-Paul Sartre’s No Exit consists of the concept of bad faith and subjection. Bad faith is essentially self-deception. Sartre views existentialism as being completely free and responsible at the same time. When one realizes his freedom, he becomes scared of his power. By deceiving oneself into thinking one is not completely free, one delves into bad faith. It can range from religion to sex to morality. Subjection is apparent as well. The play depicts three characters

Semester Updates Free Essays

All assignments must be handed in during scheduled classes. DO NOT EMAIL ASSIGNMENTS. ***Please remember: there is a one-week maximum for submission***. We will write a custom essay sample on Semester Updates or any similar topic only for you Order Now After one week, submissions will no longer be accepted. Late assignments without appropriate documentation will receive a grade but no comments. Students are responsible for keeping a Xerox copy of all take-home assignments. If you need an extension for extenuating circumstances, please discuss this with the professor before the due date, and an email that covers what has been agreed upon will be expected before an extension is granted. Evaluation Term Work The term work will constitute 75% of the final grade. A minimum of 50% of graded term work must be completed in class. Students will read 8-10 selections and write a minimum of 2500 words during the term, including at least two 500-word analytical essays written in class; a 1000-word analytical essay; and a research assignment. Students will develop arguments based upon a critical appreciation of the themes and literary techniques presented in the readings. They will also support their views with textual references. No more than 10% of the final grade will be allotted to quizzes and/or group work. Final Examination The final exam will constitute 25% of the course grade. It will be a common exam in the form of a textual analysis. Students must pass the term work and the final exam to pass the course. Grading System In addition to the usual passing grades of A+ to D, there are two grades that denote unsuccessful attempts at EACH 50: F (O to 49%) Failure (term work has not been completed) ATT The student has satisfactory attendance and has completed the term work, but has not met the learning outcomes. Any students receiving ATT in EACH 150 will continue their studies in EACH 150 in subsequent semesters until they have met the earning outcomes. In the meantime, the ATT grade does not affect the student’s grade point average. Students who feel that they may not pass the subject are, therefore, encouraged to keep working hard in the subject rather than drop it. Consistent attendance is important for success in this subject. If you are absent from class, please notify your professor by e-mail. You are still responsible for the material and assignments missed and will be required to provide documentation. For extensions or special considerations, make the request well in advance of any due dates. Considerate classroom conduct, adequate class preparation, and constructive participation will enhance your academic experience and that of your colleagues. In particular, you are asked to contribute to the learning environment by being prompt, courteous, responsible and collaborative, and by following the behavioral policies listed in the College Academic Policy and the Student Handbook. Student/Faculty Consultation Outside Classroom Hours Please arrange times with your professor to discuss your work and progress in this course. Learning Centre For free assistance in English, visit our Learning Centre and make an appointment tit one of our tutors. In EACH, weekly appointments are often recommended for extra help with grammar, sentence structure, composition, or vocabulary. Tutors can offer guidance and help you remedy writing problems, but will not proofread, or correct grammar, or alter content. Visit the Writing Centre in Room SSL 120 of the Learning Commons or book an appointment online at HTTPS://www. Seneca. On. Ca/ webs. Please retain this document for future educational and/or employment use. Academic Regulations It is your responsibility as a student of Seneca College to be aware of and abide by he academic and behavioral policies outlined in the College Academic Policy and the Student Handbook. Here are some key policies: Academic Honesty (Section 9 and Appendix E – Academic Policy) â€Å"Engaging in any form of academic dishonesty to obtain any type of academic advantage or credit is an offence under this policy and will not be tolerated by the College. The penalty for a first academic honesty offence is a grade â€Å"O† on the work in which the offence occurred, and will result in a comment being placed on the transcript by the Academic Honesty Committee. The penalty for he second academic honesty offence is an â€Å"F† in the subject where the offence occurred, a second comment on the transcript and suspension from the College for a time period determined by the Academic Honesty Committee, normally for a minimum of three (3) semesters. † For more information on Academic Honesty go to: http://library. Congealers. Ca. Eight to appeal academic decisions of the College. The procedures for informal and formal appeals are outlined in Academic Policy. If a student disagrees with the evaluation of an assignment or with a final grade, s/he must first discuss the matter tit the professor in an attempt to resolve the disagreement. If the matter is not resolved, the student should discuss the problem with the Coordinator o r the Chair of English and Liberal Studies. Students must keep all assignments (including drafts and outlines) and exercises until they receive their final grade. No appeal will be considered unless a complete file is submitted at the time of the appeal. Information Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Protocols See the Student Handbook. Faculty and students are reminded that College correspondence should only be disseminated electronically through official College- provided e-mail. Alternate e-mail addresses, such as Yahoo mail or Hotmail mail, are not authentically through Seneca. Copyright – See the Student Handbook There are limitations to reproducing materials from texts and other copyrighted materials. Essential copyright information is available in the Student Handbook and at http://library. Congealers. Ca. Student Rights and Responsibilities – See the Student Handbook Discrimination and Harassment – See the Student Handbook All students and employees have the right to study and work in an environment that is free from discrimination and/or harassment. Language or activities that defeat this objective violate the College Policy on Discrimination/Harassment and shall not be tolerated. Information and assistance are available from the Resolution, Equity and Diversity Centre. Accommodation for Students with Disabilities The college will provide reasonable accommodation for students with disabilities in order to promote academic success. If you require accommodation, contact the Counseling and Disabilities Services Office at ext. 2900 to initiate the process for documenting, assessing and implementing your individual accommodation needs. Approved by: Andrew Schmitt, Chair School of English and Liberal Studies How to cite Semester Updates, Papers

Population Growth and Rapid Urbanization

Question: Discuss about the Population Growth and Rapid Urbanization. Answer: Introduction Social Processes refers to a continuous process of interacting with people in different ways (Tilly, 2016). It is a method of interaction and there are various ways of social processes. In the current case two processes are going to be discussed i.e. Urbanisation and Globalisation. Urbanisation refers to the shift of the rural population to the urban areas. Basically it is a process of making urban areas (towns and cities) where people move in search of a better living (Smith, 2012). That is the place where development begins. It is a modernised process where not only people develop but also opportunities for them, their standard of living and they become more professional. It is a replacement phase of urban life from rural life when the whole society is open for change in order to grow and prosper. Globalisation is the process of international interchange of goods, services and people around the world (Beck, 2015). It is the exchange of different cultures and ideas from different pa rts of the world. It has taken pace from past one or two decades as people have decided to trade with each other and the big national firms have expanded to become multinational businesses. It has proved to be a beneficial situation where different economies can exploit the markets of the other parts of the world. This will result in the betterment of the global economy and increase in the international trade. In the current case, the two modernisation processes that are urbanisation and globalisation which are experienced by Tom, my father-in-law who migrated from Italy to Australia fifty years back. Research method helps in searching for the best method of data collection which will be appropriate for conducting the research (Creswell, 2013). It also ensures that the data collected is appropriate, accurate and reliable. Data collection will help in reaching out to the results of the research. It is an important phase to conduct the research. There are two types of data that are primary and secondary data which can be collected through different sources (Phillips Stawarski, 2016). Primary data is the first hand data which is more reliable in comparison to the secondary data. The secondary data can be collected through internal or external sources. Primary data can be further classified into two types i.e. quantitative and qualitative data. Personal interview is further a type of quantitative data collection as it is one of the most reliable methods (Hair, 2015). In the current case, the method followed is the Personal Interview method to draw out the personal experience of my father-in-law Tom as this will be the best suited method for this research (Thyer, 2010). For this research Tom was informed beforehand the objective behind the research and also he was being told that he could withdraw any time during the research. Before, moving further a consent form was signed by him with the current date in which it was mentioned that all the information provided by the interviewee will be used for research purpose only. In which it was clearly included that Tom was not forced to undergo any interview. He was told the reason behind conducting the interview that it was just for knowing more about his early life and his experiences before and after he migrated to Australia from Italy. For the same, I evolved some set of questions which were to be answered by him. There were some questions which I asked him to come closer to the experiences of his lif e. The interview was held at Toms place to make him more comfortable and make it more of an informal conversation. The motive of the questions were to come closer to Toms life his past and present idea of life also, his opinions about his religion. The questions which were asked to the interviewee are as follows: Which childhood memories you remember the most? Who were your inspirations to become the person you are today? What was the reason of migrating? What is his idea of Urbanisation and Globalisation? What is the difference he saw between Italy and Australia? Are there any negative aspects of the two processes? What is the learning from urbanisation? What made him take his company on global platform? Findings Tom was born in a farmers family small village of Italy with a population of 200 people only. He is a catholic by and has a strong belief in his religion. His parents were farmers and the ones who were totally dependent on farming to earn their living. The family was disciplined when it came to going for prayer service at the church. Toms early childhood memories were with his grandparents who were also farmers and loved Tom very much. Tom was the only child of his parents. The best childhood memories of Tom were that he used to accompany his grandfather for the evening walk and listened to the bed time stories from his grandmother as his parents were busy in earning livelihood for the family. These moments are still cherished by him in the memory of his loving grandparents. His family was satisfied in what they had but some months in the year were very tough because of bad weather conditions. After his grandparents death, when he was 21, the family moved to Australia in search of more stable livelihood. Where his father got into an agricultural company with his years of experience in farming and his mother was into agriculture chemical industry. Tom pursued internship for real time experience in the field of IT engineering as his studies were about to wind up. Post experience, Tom opened his own IT software company starting from his personal computer and now he owns a big IT firm which serves customers across the globe. Tom is 71 now, he is a happy and contented man who is satisfied with his decisions, he has no complaints with the new city rather it is as dear as his native is to him. In relation to this, it earned living to him whereas his native has made him the person who he is today. No matter Tom and family moved to city but they used to organise trips to their native place to relive the old days as it was very close their heart. In search of growth and development his family migrated to city which depicts one of the modernisation process i.e. urbanisation (Price Benton, 2008). He is a happy family man and has seen vast changes over the period of time with respect to people, their behaviour, idea of life, views towards religion etc. Tom has seen urbanisation when he came to Australia from Italy and after coming to Australia he saw the country growing along with its people as the whole world is on with the idea of Globalisation. This process has helped people trade with everyone and everywhere around the world. Globalisation has emerged a lot in the past two decades and has encouraged people to go global and become part of the global family (Michie, 2011). The interview has explained that how Tom has been the part of the two modernisation processes and the events of his life depicts the true picture. Discussion Analysis The change in Toms life from his village life to his city life and that of an intern to the owner of a company has explained the two processes very well that are urbanisation and globalisation. The study has shown the impact of such processes on an individuals life. This can be analysed from the answers given by Tom to the questions. The study found out that Tom moved from the rural village of Italy to the city of Australia with his family in search of new opportunities, stability and betterment of the family. Movement from the rural area to urban area is known as urbanisation basically people like Tom who are migrating witness such process (Benna, et al., 2016). All the years that Tom has spent in Australia have a long story about his journey. The two processes are important parts of his journey which have led him here. The difference between the lives in village in comparison to the lives in the city is basically peace. Most of the times, Tom manage sometime to get back to his olde r days to his native place in search of peace and relaxation. Once Tom has settled down in Australia he has witnessed that urbanisation is one of the reason to take people away from their near and dear ones who are left back. In order to break this stereotype he usually goes back to his relatives and friends to maintain that relationship with them and their environment. Tom not only gives priority to his career and money but also the people who have supported and encouraged him to pursue his dreams. His parents always gave him encouragement to pursue his career and never forced him to come into agriculture or farming. This is the reason why he thinks that growth is important but not at the stake of personal relationship. He found himself blessed to be around such people who have backed him always whether they were his grandparents or his parents. They were source of inspiration to him. He believes that the decision of migrating and residing in a city from village has not only resulted in his personal prosperity and growth but also that of his familys. The opportunities in urban area have not only given a lot to him but the same to his children. The biggest learning what they learnt is how to earn themselves a living of their own. An extension to urbanisation was found by him to be globalisation where migration of people and goods and services in terms of trade, commerce, industry and expansion took place. He quoted that globalisation can be referred to as the growth and development of urbanisation which makes the whole world a common village (Price Benton, 2008). In this respect, people can serve to and demand from anywhere in the word. Similarly, Tom is also doing the same as a global IT firm which provides IT solutions to customers and businesses. The meaning of growth what Tom wanted me to understand was not only his career or financial growth but his personal growth which has come to him because of the experience and hard work. The phase of moving from a very dear place where you have were born and brought up to a totally strange place has compelled him to introspect his dreams, beliefs, idea to grow basically his oneself. Tom is a person who is very concerned about his workplace and his country therefore; he has carries operations from his country only. Further what has been analysed from the discussion is that Tom is an individual who is concerned for work, family and society. He wants value for money being an entrepreneur and always wants to give best to his family. Value for him is not only in expensive things but also in inexpensive things which can give value to him. He is of the category of visible achievers. They are confident and successful people and they have settled in their respective fields. He also accepts the negative aspect of the two processes. Firstly, he said that urbanisation keeps away an individual from his native place in order to earn a living. Secondly, globalisation keeps away an individual from serving people of the other parts of the world other than the people of his own country. Both the processes have made him the man he is today as he has lived in two different places and has experienced two modernisation social processes. Conclusion From the above study it can be concluded that every day is new and dynamic because people are different from one generation to another. How Tom was during his childhood or adolescent his children cannot be the same because with each step there are cultural and social changes which can be referred to as modernisation. Both the processes had a great impact on Toms life. He was all in all a happy person even after so many ups and downs. The interview has given me the opportunity to know him more personally and also my older family. The informal idea of interview has made it more interesting and has helped in generating more reliable information and also made both of us even more comfortable with each other. The outcome of the interview are his experiences and their effects on his life most of which are depicted to be positive and less of negative. Although, in between there were talks which were not related to the topic but I kept with the centre idea to know the influence of the two pr ocesses on Toms life. Hence, it was a great experience to interview one of the family member especially the one who has a lot to talk upon. References Beck, U. (2015). What Is Globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Benna, Umar G, Garba Shaibu, B. (2016). Population Growth and Rapid Urbanization in the Developing World. IGI Global. USA. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Hair, (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. M.E. Sharpe. Armonk, New York, USA. Michie, J. (Ed.). (2011). The handbook of globalisation. Edward Elgar Publishing. Phillips, P, P. Stawarski, C, A. (2016). Data Collection: Planning for and Collecting All Types of Data. John Wiley Sons. Price, M., Benton-Short, L. (2008). Migrants to the metropolis: the rise of immigrant gateway cities. Syracuse University Press. Smith, D, D. (2012). Urbanisation in the Developing World. Routledge. New York, USA. Thyer, B. (Ed.). (2010). The handbook of social work research methods. Sage. Tilly, C. (2016). Explaining Social Processes. Routledge. New York, USA.

Value Help Window Crashes with Run-Time Error free essay sample

SAP Note 1039191 Value help window crashes with run-time error -2147417848 Note Language: English Version: 5 Validity: Valid Since 07. 06. 2007 Summary Symptom Value help window crashes with error -2147417848 (80010108) . This happens, when selecting a value by moving to the righ handside of value help selection window in Query Designer or Analyzer. Sometimes, this is followed by an runtime error 440. This error happens only in SAP GUI 7. 10 installation and not in previous versions of SAP GUI. Also, this occurs only with the old BW 3. 5 front-end tools. More Terms Selector, query designer, Analyzer, restrict values, F4 help Cause and Prerequisites Change of behaviour in calendar control used by the value help window Solution General Information This note contains attached files whose code will be included in BW 3. 5 Frontend Patch 1 for SAPGUI 7. 10 This note is given as a hotfix. It contains the installation instructions for the attached files. This file is released for emergency fix and did not undergo normal testing process of SAP. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Help Window Crashes with Run-Time Error or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All the customers will get the correction with Patches mention above. Installation 0. Close all the Bex Analyzer related tools,especially the Query Designer 1. Go to the folder C:\Program Files\SAP\FrontEnd\SAPGui ( if SAP GUI is installed in a different folder, please use that folder ) 2. Copy the following file in the above folder and keep it as a back-up i) wdbsPres. dll . 3. Replace the file mentioned above(wdbspres. dll) by the file attached with this note. ( Please extract and use the file wdbspres. dll ) 4. Now the file is ready to be used by the BEx frontend tools 28. 06. 2009 Page 1 of 2 SAP Note 1039191 Value help window crashes with run-time error -2147417848 Error Corrections This hot fix corrects the following error in particular: In the querydesigner, when the user selects Restrict Values from context menu and invokes value help and then moves one or more values from Left side to right side of the window, the window crashes with an error -2147417848 (80010108). In some cases, it is followed by an error 440. The error happens only with SAPGUI 7. 10 installation and not in any previous versions. Also, this occurs only with the old BW 3. 5 front-end tools. This issue is corrected with coding correction as a workaround. After this correction the user will be able to select values without any error.

Free Essays on Urban Ecology

There are many different theories regarding the study of urban ecology and the development, in particular of American cities. Throughout the years different theories have evolved. The concentric zone theory came first, followed by the sector theory, multiple nuclei theory, and others. When we more recently examined these older theories and applied them to modern cities different ways of studying the ecologies arose. Social area analysis, factorial ecology, and the Synthesis Theory were some of the theories that arose out of this modern thinking. Our hometown of Cleveland falls under many of these theories and modern ideas throughout its urban development. The Concentric Zone Theory was the basis of most of the theories present. The basics of it are present throughout almost all cities of the American landscape. The basic theory is that cities grow like a tree with rings spreading outward. A central business district lies in the middle. The next outlying ring would be ghetto and poor areas. Surrounding this would be transitional housing between poor and middle class. Next would be middle class housing. Surrounding that is more upper class homes, and commuters. This basic analysis is evident throughout but it doesn’t take many things into account. Social structures were not discussed. Competition varies in city to city depending on type of industries, etc. Also all cities are not based on the same form of transportation such as New York or Washington D.C. with their subways vs. Detroit or Columbus which have none. The next two theories evolved out of the flaws of the Concentric Theory. The Sector Theory looked closer at areas, block by block. Pie shaped or wedge shaped areas arose. Many ethnic groups were in districts together. New York’s Chinatown and New Orleans French Quarter are examples. It noticed how these districts of rich and poor would sometimes be within a block of each other. Also these districts ... Free Essays on Urban Ecology Free Essays on Urban Ecology There are many different theories regarding the study of urban ecology and the development, in particular of American cities. Throughout the years different theories have evolved. The concentric zone theory came first, followed by the sector theory, multiple nuclei theory, and others. When we more recently examined these older theories and applied them to modern cities different ways of studying the ecologies arose. Social area analysis, factorial ecology, and the Synthesis Theory were some of the theories that arose out of this modern thinking. Our hometown of Cleveland falls under many of these theories and modern ideas throughout its urban development. The Concentric Zone Theory was the basis of most of the theories present. The basics of it are present throughout almost all cities of the American landscape. The basic theory is that cities grow like a tree with rings spreading outward. A central business district lies in the middle. The next outlying ring would be ghetto and poor areas. Surrounding this would be transitional housing between poor and middle class. Next would be middle class housing. Surrounding that is more upper class homes, and commuters. This basic analysis is evident throughout but it doesn’t take many things into account. Social structures were not discussed. Competition varies in city to city depending on type of industries, etc. Also all cities are not based on the same form of transportation such as New York or Washington D.C. with their subways vs. Detroit or Columbus which have none. The next two theories evolved out of the flaws of the Concentric Theory. The Sector Theory looked closer at areas, block by block. Pie shaped or wedge shaped areas arose. Many ethnic groups were in districts together. New York’s Chinatown and New Orleans French Quarter are examples. It noticed how these districts of rich and poor would sometimes be within a block of each other. Also these districts ...

Academic development strategies for undergraduate students Thesis Proposal

Academic development strategies for undergraduate students - Thesis Proposal Example Meanwhile, studies have showed the importance of academic development programmes and activities towards the overall development of students for both academic and non-academic career orientations after graduation (Klassen, Krawchuk & Rajani, 2008). In the light of this, the need to keep researching into ways by which some of the most applicable and effective strategies can be incorporated in single schemes for academic development can be said to be necessary. When mention is made of incorporating strategies and abilities for academic development, there are some common theories, concepts and frameworks that commonly come to mind. These include collaborative learning, constructivism, and connectivism. This is because whether used individually or together, each of these three main concepts help in bringing together different strategies of learning aimed at developing students academically to have abilities necessary for both academic and non-academic careers after graduation (Robinson, L loyd & Rowe, 2008). At the same time Hattie (2009), posited that using academic research is one of the most powerful means by which components of collaborative learning, constructivism, and connectivism can be achieved under a common umbrella. Based on the identified problem and the background given to the problem above, the study will be conducted with the aim of using academic research as an interventional strategy for academic development among undergraduate students. In order to achieve this overall aim, the following specific objectives will be pursued by the researcher: Before pursuing the proposed study, the researcher came to the realisation that there are other existing researches that have focused on academic development strategies for undergraduates. However, most of these existing studies were limited to academic performance enhancement whiles undertaking graduate courses (Hoog, J., Johansson & Olofsson, 2005; Elliot & McGregor, 2001). The weakness with

Social capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social capital - Essay Example Social issue in relation with Social capital†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....13 Introduction Social capital values the social network, makes the social bond between the similar people and bridges the gap between the diverse people through the reciprocity norms. Most of the scholars have said that social capital is the goodwill that people has towards us and thus it is a valuable resource. The study has discussed about the concept of social capital and its significance in the present time. The study discusses that social capital can only be gained through individual social relations with other people or groups. Through the help of different methodologies, its analyzed that in what manner the social capital can be considered, measured and how important it is for individual or group to retain. By explaining social capital the researcher has focused on its effects that flow through the available information, influence, and solidarity that is available with the individual. The main fundamental point is that how people interact with each other that formulate the social capital. Through the help of example on the social issue it has been explored how important is social capital in society and how social issues are interlinked with social capital. The study has been framework to discuss about every aspect of social capital and revealed its effectiveness on individual. Social capital ... The study has been framework to discuss about every aspect of social capital and revealed its effectiveness on individual. Social capital The term social capital has been highly popular in the recent years and has been associated with several features related to the policy making central to public issues and policy making. Referring to the factors related to the topic the features like norms and networks, trust, corruption, economic growth and good government needs to be discussed. The term social capital can be defined as the ability of individuals and groups to work together for a common cause in groups and organizations (Smith 2009). Social Capital includes relationships, institutions, and different norms that provide structure to quantity and quality of social interaction of the society. Increasing number of evidences has shown that social cohesion is very important for the societies in order to prosper economically and for maintaining sustainability in the development. Social ca pital is not just a group of institutions rather it a glue that holds the groups together. There are two concepts related to Social capital: Horizontal links Social capital is regarded as set of horizontal links among the people that covers the social networks and linked norms that has impacted the productivity of the community and well being. Social network can even enhance the productivity through reducing the business costs and it also facilities the cooperation and coordination. In the horizontal link the Social capital has networks or groups, parochial communities, and secluded, functioning at the cross-purpose to the combined interest of the society and even hinder the social and economic development. Vertical and Horizontal Links Social

Mayers Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

Mayers Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Mayer describes multimedia as modern presentation modes (text, pictures etc.) and different modalities (visual, auditory etc.) that are presented by an integrated technical system such as computer and internet. According to Mayer, multimedia learning refers to learning from words and pictures and multimedia instruction refers to the presentations of words and pictures. We see that Mayer describes the differences between multimedia learning and multimedia instruction. According to his description, multimedia instruction is the learning material which presents words and pictures that are intended to promote learning whereas multimedia learning refers to the learner constructed knowledge that builds mental representations from these words and pictures; that is, multimedia instruction. Mayer (2009) states three views of multimedia messages. Multimedia messages can be based on the delivery media such as amplified speaker and computer screen presentation modes such as words and pictures, or sensory modalities such as auditory and visual. In the first view, it is clearly seen that delivery media is technology centered and focus is on technology rather than learners; that is, the focus is on the devices used to present information rather than on how people learn. The other views are learner centered. These views are consistent with learner centered approach and based on cognitive theory of learning on how people learn. Moreover, these two views are consistent with constructivist learning which is based on actively constructed knowledge rather than passively transmitted and gathered. The only distinction between these views is the sensory modalities view of multimedia is consistent with a cognitive theory of learning that assumes humans have separate information processing channels for auditory and visual processing whereas presentation modes view is consistent with a cognitive theory of learning that assumes humans have separate information processing channels for verbal and pictorial knowledge. In the following figure, Mayer (2009) describes his cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Figure: Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning This cognitive theory of multimedia learning is based on three assumptions (2009): dual channels: there are separate channels for processing visual and auditory experiences and information in humans memory limited capacity: each information channel is limited in its ability to process the amount of information and experiences at one time active processing: processing experience and information in channels is an active process designed to construct coherent mental representations According to this model, the learner must engage in the five cognitive processes or steps in order for meaningful learning to occur in multimedia environment. First, learner selects the relevant words for processing in verbal working memory. Then, learner selects relevant images for processing in visual working memory. After that, learner organizes selected words into a verbal mental model and selected images into a visual mental model. Finally, learner integrates work based and image based representations as well as prior knowledge (Mayer, 2009). Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning draws on Paivios (1986) dual coding theory, Swellers (1988) cognitive load theory, Baddeleys (1992) model of working memory, Mayers (1996) SOI model of meaningful learning and Bruners constructivist theory. The working memory model explains what happens to information after it is perceived by the sense organs and suggests that there are separate slave systems such as phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad for processing visual and verbal information (Baddeley, 1992). Dual coding theory is built on the working memory model and suggests that humans have two separate systems for representing verbal and nonverbal information. This verbal and nonverbal information is processed differently and in separate channels and although these systems are structurally and functionally independent, they are also interconnected (Paivio, 1986). Cognitive load theory points the findings from studies about dual coding theory; for example, information processing system is consist of two independent channels for processing and representing information which are limited in their capacity and suggests that learning happens best under conditions that are aligned with human cognitive architecture. Cognitiv e load theory is concerned with the way cognitive resources are focused and used during learning and problem solving (Sweller, 1988). Although Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning draws on many theories, Mayers multimedia theory is specifically based on Paivios dual coding theory which basically assumes that humans have separate information processing channels for verbal and pictorial information for auditory and visual messages. According to Mayers theory, the learner has a visual and verbal information processing system. For example, auditory narration goes into the verbal information processing system whereas animation goes into the visual information processing system. Since dual coding theory is built on the working memory model of Baddeley and working memory includes verbal and visual channels which are phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad for processing visual and verbal information, we can also say that Mayers theory is consistent with Baddeleys one. Mayer also uses Swellers cognitive load theory to understand how humans learn and humans cognitive limitations for processing information. By using cognitive load theory, Mayer suggest that presenting too many elements such as words and pictures in multimedia material can lead to overload to be processed in visual or verbal information processing systems. Mayer also supports the theory of constructivist learning. By considering constructivist learning theory, Mayer suggests that cognitive construction and active learning depends on the cognitive processing of the learner during learning process. For example, learner constructs new knowledge by using active learning methods such as actively and mentally engaged in learning processes although passively sitting in the chair and watching a presentation. Mayers also use his SOI model of meaningful learning while building cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In this model, learners are again knowledge constructors who pay attention to relevant words and pictures in multimedia message in order to produce meaningful learning and organize the information in coherent verbal and pictorial model, and integrate it with prior knowledge. By his theory, first, Mayer has contributed to establishing a cognitive theory of multimedia learning which builds on how people learn. Mayers theory also continues to contribute greatly to establishing theories and principles about learning in multimedia environment. Also, his theory and principles are a great resource for instructional designers to consider the cognitive processes related with learning. Instructional designers need to consider the learners and their memory capacities. They need to design their learning materials to maximize the focus on learning activities and minimize the learners attention to activities which are not directly related to learning. When considering new delivery media technologies such as mobile phones, tablet pcs and smart phones, I think future researches need to be conducted to evaluate the multimedia by using this theory in a real world context or new derivatives of theories need to be developed from Mayers one to adapt it to recent real life co nditions.

Longer Weekend

A plentiful amount schools in the U. S. Are beginning to consider bringing forth school four days a week rather than the usual five days. However, classes will be in session more hours per day. By doing this the schools will conserve money, have more instruction time per class, and longer weekends. First of all, the schools will preserve loads of money, as well as those who drive to school. They will have one less day of transportation because people aren't in school for that one extra day.The schools will also have much lower electric bills because the lights are off for another day. Also, if the school is under construction, there will be more time to complete it because there aren't kids in the hardhat area. Not only that, but the Janitors will have more time to tidy up the school while the kids aren't in there to create a safer and cleaner learning environment. Secondly, having longer days meaner more time per class period. Lots of kids aren't passing because they need more instr uction time.Giving more time per class period gives the teachers time to explain tough material to students who are behind. The students will better understand the material being taught. Some lessons can last for more than a day, like reading a novel. The students will better understand what they are reading if they do it all in one day than if they have to pick up where they left off the day before. Longer school days and less days in school will lead to a better education for students, there may even be less homework because the students use the extra time given In class to complete It.Plus, the school day also will last until almost dinner time, so the students will go home eight after school. They won't be out on the streets getting In trouble In the time period between school ending and dinner. Yet another reason to say yes to longer school days four days a week Is the longer weekends. While schoolwork Is obviously Incredibly important, so Is time off. Most kids need time to re lax, they are busier in today's world than ever. They have homework, practices, and projects to work on.Some even have Jobs, by the time the weekend Is over, the students haven't had any time for themselves. Schools should be open four days a week and have longer days because the schools will save money, by having more time per class a more quality education will be provided for the students, and the longer weekends will give the kids time to relax after long week. Agreeing with this Idea Is beneficial to your child's education. Adding school hours and reducing the amount of hours per school makes more time for academic pursuits.Longer Weekend more time to tidy up the school while the kids aren't in there to create a safer and emperor because the students use the extra time given in class to complete it. Plus, right after school. They won't be out on the streets getting in trouble in the time school days four days a week is the longer weekends. While schoolwork is obviously incredib ly important, so is time off. Most kids need time to relax, they are busier in Some even have Jobs, by the time the weekend is over, the students haven't had any kids time to relax after long week. Agreeing with this idea is beneficial to your child's

Cognitive orientation to learning Essay

While the behavioural orientation dwelt on the environment, the cognitive one looked at the learner’s mental process; it is concerned with cognition, which is the process of knowing. It recognises the importance of the environment while at the same time exploring changes in the inner cognitive organization. James Hartley (1998) identified some important principles of learning related to cognitive psychology. The principles identified are as follows: proper organisation of instruction, clear structure of instruction, use of perceptual features of the task, importance of prior knowledge of the subject, the view that differences between individuals affect learning, and use of cognitive feedback to inform the learners about their failure or success. Humanistic orientation to learning This orientation was developed in the 1970s and 80s, and concerns itself mainly with the human potential for growth. Learning is seen as a form of self actualisation, contributing to psychological health (Caffalerra, 1991). Although self-actualization is perceived as the principal goal, other goals related to other stages are also present, including accomplishment of impulses (Maslow, 1970). The best insight into the humanistic orientation to learning was done by Carl Rodgers (2003), who stressed on education with the whole person and with their experiences, intellect and feelings. Some of the important elements involved in experimental or significant learning are as follows. It involves personal involvement, it is self-initiated, pervasive, evaluated by the learner and its essence is meaning. Social orientation to learning According to this orientation, people learn by observation of others in a social setting (Merriam and Caffarella, 1991). However, observation does not allow the learners to see the outcome of the other people’s behaviour in order to have some idea of what might happen when one acts in a certain way. This orientation concentrates on attending to behaviour and rehearsing on how it might work in various situations. In this model, behaviour is as a result of the interaction of the learner with the environment. Instead of looking at learning as acquiring some forms of knowledge, this model also incorporates social relationships, which are situations of joint participation. According to Tenant (1977), this model has the advantage of paying attention to the need of understanding knowledge and learning in context. The model is limited by the fact that learning that is unrelated to the life situation or context. Moreover, situations can arise where the community of practice has power relationships exhibiting participation and entry (Wenger, 1999). Part Two Learning and development supports and enhances organisational development Any form of learning, training and development is aimed at improving the learners as well as their performance, leading to organisational development. Organisational development is not just concerned with sending people to course to get trained. On the contrary, it is about encouraging people to examine and challenge any assumptions acting as a filter for learning. Learning is usually motivated by the need to arrive at solutions to problems, whether one wants to move away from a particular state; such as conflict, lack of team collaboration and lack of skill, or wants to achieve greater satisfaction personally or within an organisational setting. Learning has been described by organisations as the only competitive advantage that any organisation may have, since it responds to the ever unpredictable and dynamic business environment. Learning in organisations enables the organisations to make proper use of the immense mental capacity of its members, creating the type of process needed to improve it (Dixon, 1994). An organization that encourages its members to learn eventually ends up improving and transforming itself for the better. Moreover, organisations where their members continuously expand their capacity in creating the outcomes they really desire, where fresh and wider thinking patterns are nurtured; where joint aspirations are set free and people learn together develop greatly. For an organization to have sustainable development, it must be adaptive to its external environment, continually enhance its capacity to adapt, develop individual and joint learning, and use learning to attain even better results. The learning organisation There is a growing interest in organizations to develop a learning culture within themselves in order to improve their existing products and services and for innovation purposes. This has led to a number of initiatives such as Total Quality Management, TQM and Business Process Reengineering, BPR. Companies have come to the realisation that their success or failure greatly depends on human factors such as organisational culture, attitudes and skills. It also appears that the implementation of organizational programs is geared to highly specified procedures that are defined for foreseen situations. These organisations have further recognised that any initiatives do not usually work by themselves and something extra is required. This is in order to cope with quick and unanticipated changes where existing programmed responses are not adequate in order to provide the necessary flexibility to deal with dynamically changing conditions, and allow top management to respond with initiatives based on customer needs as opposed to being limited by business processes established for different situations. Organisations have increasingly had to among other things develop capacities for the fast-paced innovation to develop capacity and learn to appreciate change. As the competitive atmosphere becomes increasingly variegate and complex, these organisations have seen the need for greater genetic variety; a wider variety of managerial thinking, and a more enhanced repertoire of management actions. Top and successful organisations have reached such heights by organising around people and honouring the need to recognition, lifelong learning, challenge, something to believe in and a feeling of control. With the pace of change ever getting faster, organisations have seen the need for developing mechanisms to help in innovation and continuous learning better than ever before (Dixon, 1994). Learning in an organisation is about development of higher levels of skills and knowledge as opposed to more training, and is classified into four levels. The first level involves learning of facts, procedures, processes and knowledge and mostly applies to known situations that have very minor changes. The second level entails learning new job skills that can be transferred to other situations (Easterby-Smith et al, 1999). This is often applicable to situations whose existing responses need changing. Outside experts can be very useful at this stage since they bring in fresh expertise and skills that may have been lacking initially (Dixon, 1994). The third level is all about learning to adapt, and is often applicable to more dynamic circumstances where solutions need development. Here, the mode of learning is experimenting and deriving lessons from past failures and successes (Easterby-Smith et al, 1999). Finally, the fourth level is learning to learn, which involves creativity and innovation; design of the future as opposed to just adapting to it. Here, knowledge is reframed and all assumptions challenged. Additionally, the model is applicable at various levels that include learning of individuals, organisations and teams. Organisations achieving learning level four will not only reinvent their organization but also their entire industry (Easterby-Smith et al, 1999). Conclusion Learning greatly helps in improving both individual and organizational innovativeness and efficiency. There are numerous learning models applicable to various situations, all of which have their unique advantages and disadvantages. The adoption of a particular learning model entirely depends on the prevailing conditions. Organisations are striving to continually improve their performance as well as the quality of their products and services. From the analysis above, it is evident that indeed learning and development supports and enhances organisational development. References Bruner, J (1977) The Process of Education, Harvard University Press, CambridgeDixon, N (1994) The Organizational Learning Cycle, McGraw-Hill Easterby-Smith, M et al (1999) Organizational Learning and the Learning Organization-Developments in Theory and Practice, Sage Hartley, J (1998) Learning and Studying-A research perspective, Routledge, London Maslow, A (1970) Motivation and Personality 2nd edition, Harper and Row, New York Merriam, S and Caffarella (1998) Learning in Adulthood, A comprehensive guide, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco Rogers, C and Freiberg, H (2003) Freedom to Learn, Merrill, New York

Anxieties And Other Effects Of War - 2060 Words

Anxieties and Other Effects of War Naturally, a person who is facing anxiety might pull away from conditions that have triggered similar feelings in the past. Anxieties are of different types including existential anxiety which results from facing an existential crisis, angst, and nihilistic feelings. Other categories of anxiety are test anxiety, stage fright, stage fright, and somatic anxiety. Stranger anxiety and social anxiety occur when a person is around strangers (Karam 193). Anxieties and its effects evident in Cormac McCarthy s, The Road are both short term and long term and include food shortage, repercussions of war, and extreme fear. Unlike trivial anxieties in the day to day world, those of a post-apocalyptic situation are long lasting and some never end and require only love and family to heal. Love The unnamed father in The Road takes care of his son with a lot of love. The young boy and his father love and care for each other all the time to control their anxiety. The boy hangs on to him all the time in fear of the unknown. The small boy seeks refuge and love from his father. When the father attempts to leave the boy to go and look for firewood, the boy cries and claim that he is afraid to be left alone. This depicts the fear he feels, especially if he is left alone. The young boy keeps clutching on his fathers coat for safety (McCarthy 34). The father carries the boy across the field, stopping to catch a breath every fifty steps. They wrap themselves inShow MoreRelatedPsychological Effects Of War On Children1235 Words   |  5 Pages Psychological Influence of War on Children Milan Patel Hammond High School Student AP Psychology Ms. Pfanstiehl May 23, 2016  ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to tell the reader how children are most influenced psychologically by war and that the psychological effects are more severe than those of physical, emotional, and social influences. 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